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Some useful numbers

The Human Genome

Number of Genes: estimated 40 000 - 140 000

Number of base pairs: ca. 3-4 exp9

Mass: 3 pg (haploid set of chromosomes)

Exchange Rates

1 US$ = 1 Euro = 100 Jap. Yen (very roughly)

Total Japanese Research Activity

Research Personnel: Industry 404, Research Institutes 43, Universities 167
(thousand people in 1998. Source: AS)
Research Spending: Industry 10.7 (+6%), Res. Inst. 1.9 (+1.2%), Universities 1.9 (+1.5%)
(1exp12 yen in 1997, change from previous year. AS)
Patents: USA 56%, Japan 21%, Germany 6.2%, France 2.5%, GB 2.2%, Others 12%
(national share of patents registered in the US, 1996. AS)

Pharmaceutical Market

(Japanese market volume, in 1exp9 Yen)

Item	Market Volume	Percent of total	Remarks

Pharmaceutical Production, 1998
Drugs for circulatory system organs	985	16.9
Other metabolic drugs	551	9.4
CNS drugs	507	8.7
Drugs for digestive system organs	501	8.6
Antibiotics	402	6.9
Exodermal drugs	402	6.9
Drugs for blood and body fluids	278	4.8
Biological products	234	4.0
Vitamin preparations	229	3.9
Pep-up drinks	208	3.6
Others	1544	26.4

Total 1998	5842	100
Total 1997	6148
Total 1995	6168
Total 1990	5595
Total 1985	4002

Import of pharmaceuticals, 1998	374	1.3	1exp7 US$; % of total imports
Wholesale vol. (1997)	6700	9	% over production = wholesales margin

Sources: AS (Japan Almanac 2000), Ministry of Health and Welfare (厚生省：薬事工業生産動態統計年報), MITI (通商産業省：通商白書, 商業統計表　産業編)

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